What are the hidden dangers of not keeping a dog on a leash?

A leash prevents dogs from running into traffic, getting lost, or encountering dangerous wildlife.

Even the most well-behaved dog can become unpredictable in unfamiliar situations. A dog might become scared or aggressive when approached by strangers or other dogs.

Not all dogs (or people) appreciate a strange dog approaching them, even if it's in a friendly manner. Some dogs are fearful, reactive, or aggressive, and an unleashed dog can trigger negative reactions.

Some natural habitats are delicate. Dogs might damage flora or disturb wildlife if allowed to roam free.

An unleashed dog might come into contact with sick animals, feces, or other contaminants that might carry diseases.

Dogs, especially those with strong prey drives, might chase after animals and get lost.

An unsupervised or unleashed dog might consume something harmful, like trash, toxic plants, or foods like chocolate or xylitol.

 Not all dogs get along, and an unleashed dog might initiate or become the target of aggression from another dog.

Children, elderly individuals, or people with disabilities might get knocked over or scared by an unleashed dog, even if the dog is just being playful.

In areas with leash laws, dog owners can face fines or legal actions if their unleashed dog causes harm or damages.

Unleashed dogs might contribute to a negative perception of dogs and dog owners in public spaces, leading to stricter regulations or reduced access to public areas.

Dogs might hurt themselves by exploring unsafe areas, like construction sites or thorny bushes, when off-leash.